Occupational therapy practice models

This chapter examines the role of occupational therapy models in bridging theory and practice, enabling therapists to make informed decisions in complex and diverse clinical contexts. It begins by highlighting the importance of models in articulating professional values, organising knowledge, and guiding systematic approaches to intervention. Seven internationally recognised models are explored: the Occupational Performance Model (Australia) (OPMA), Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), Person–Environment–Occupation-Performance (PEOP), Kawa Model, and the Canadian Model of Occupational Participation (CanMOP), alongside its precursors – the Person–Environment–Occupation (PEO) and Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E). The chapter traces the historical and contextual influences shaping these models, including cultural perspectives and socio-economic factors, and reflects on how they represent evolving discourses within occupational therapy theory. Key conceptual shifts are discussed, from mechanistic paradigms to ecological and systems-based approaches, as well as the growing emphasis on cultural relevance and social justice. The Kawa Model introduces collectivist perspectives, while CanMOP addresses inequities and the impact of colonisation. Collectively, these models demonstrate the profession’s progression toward inclusive, contextually responsive frameworks. Understanding their development and application equips practitioners with diverse tools to enhance client-centred, evidence-informed practice.