Good language learners and what they do

This chapter examines the traits and behaviours associated with successful language learners. It reviews research on personality variables such as extroversion, tolerance of ambiguity, and cognitive style, noting that only tolerance of ambiguity and field independence show reliable links to achievement. The chapter then explores major good-language-learner studies from the 1970s, especially Naiman et al ., which identified patterns in learners&s; strategy use, including active participation, attention to form, monitoring, and willingness to take risks. Although good learners share some common behaviours, the research also highlights substantial individual variation. The chapter expands the discussion of learning strategies, addressing definitions, metacognitive awareness, think-aloud methods, and debates about whether strategies can or should be taught. Recent developments emphasize self-regulation, emotional and social factors, and the role of digital tools. Overall, the chapter argues that effective language learning emerges from a complex interplay of personal characteristics, strategy use, and learner agency.