Velleius Paterculus and the Pannonii: Making up the numbers

The great Pannonian Rebellion. the Bellum Batonianuni of AD 6 — 9 was one of the most significant events, if not the most significant one in the history of Roman dealings with Illyricum.' Its significance went far beyond local, provincial history, shaping the future foreign policy conduct of the Empire in the early principate, and perhaps, combined with the clades Variana in the Teutoburg forest, stopped Roman political and military expansion in North and Central Europe. For the first time in many years, even Italy was in fear from the external enemy. This was the first rebellion of this kind after the end of the Republic that seriously undermined the Roman confidence and even shook their position and prestige in recentlv occupied territories.