Ground and structure response to a hand driven decline in London clay

Settlement monitoring of a basement structure. and the ground beneath was carried out during construction of a shallow inclined hand excavated tunnel. The recorded volume loss was found to correlate with a prediction based on load factor. A mode of behaviour of the structure acting as a simple weightless beam interacting with the soil was observed, widening the settlement trough. Soil-structure interaction effects were observed to extend below foundation level.